If Someone Oversleeps Maghrib Prayer, Then Wakes Up and Prays It, Believing That Its Time Has Not Yet Ended, Should He Pray Its Regular Sunnah Prayer or Leave It?
Question: If someone oversleeps a prayer completely of when it is almost over, gets up and prays immediately (as soon as he wakes up after quickly checking if he had missed the time or whether it just started on his phone) and he prays the fard of Maghrib for example and when he checks the sky he thinks he still has time to pray the sunnah before the time is over (before the Athan of Isha is called). Should he pray the sunnah or leave it?
Summary:
It is permissible for someone who oversleeps Maghrib prayer until its time has ended, or until only a little of its time remains, to pray the regular Sunnah prayer of Maghrib after performing the obligatory prayer, even if the time of Maghrib has ended and the time of Isha has begun. This is because the regular Sunnah prayers may be made up if they are missed due to a valid excuse, according to the stronger opinion. It is not a condition for performing the Sunnah prayer of Maghrib that any of the time of Maghrib must remain if it was missed due to the excuse of sleep. However, if he wakes up when only a little of the prayer time remains, he must hasten to perform the obligatory prayer first, then perform the regular Sunnah prayer afterward.
Answer:
Firstly: The Ruling on Someone Who Oversleeps a Prayer Until Its Time Has Ended
From the Sunnah:
- Al-BukhariIt was narrated from Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"Whoever forgets a prayer, let him pray it when he remembers it. There is no expiation for it except that." (Agreed upon by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
- Sahih MuslimIn another narration recorded by Muslim:
"Whoever forgets a prayer or sleeps through it, its expiation is to pray it when he remembers it."
Therefore, whoever is overcome by sleep and misses a prayer, without having been negligent in taking the usual means of waking up, bears no sin. However, he must perform the prayer immediately upon waking up.
Secondly: Is It Permissible to Make Up the Sunnah Prayer of Maghrib After Its Time Has Ended? Yes, this is permissible according to the stronger opinion, if the Sunnah prayer was missed due to a valid excuse.
From the Sunnah:
- (Agreed upon by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)The evidence for this is what has been authentically reported from Umm Salamah رضي الله عنها, that the Prophet ﷺ prayed two rak'ahs after Asr. When she asked him about them, he said:
"O daughter of Abu Umayyah, you asked about the two rak'ahs after Asr. Some people from Abd Al-Qays came to me and occupied me from performing the two rak'ahs after Dhuhr, so these are those two rak'ahs."
The point of evidence: The Prophet ﷺ made up the regular Sunnah prayer of Dhuhr after its time had passed due to a valid excuse. This indicates that it is legislated to make up the regular Sunnah prayers when they are missed due to a valid excuse. This ruling also includes the regular Sunnah prayer of Maghrib according to those who hold that the permissibility of making up the regular Sunnah prayers applies generally.
Thirdly: Statements of the Scholars
From the Scholars:
- 1. Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah رحمه الله:
He favored the opinion that the regular Sunnah prayers should be made up if they are missed. He mentioned that this was the opinion of Al-Shafi'i and one narration from Imam Ahmad, and he said: "And it is stronger."
- 2. Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen رحمه الله:
He chose the opinion that it is legislated to make up the regular Sunnah prayers if they are missed due to a valid excuse, such as sleep or forgetfulness, and he used as evidence the Prophet's ﷺ practice of making up the regular Sunnah prayers.
- 3. Shaykh Ibn Baz رحمه الله:
He held the opinion that when the time of the regular Sunnah prayers ends, they are no longer to be performed, except for the Sunnah prayer of Fajr and certain cases relating to the regular Sunnah prayer of Dhuhr.
Fourthly: The Ruling on Checking One's Phone to Determine the Prayer Time There is nothing wrong with a Muslim quickly checking his phone to determine the prayer time. Rather, this is part of the required verification, provided that it does not cause him to delay the prayer unnecessarily. What matters is when the prayer time actually begins and ends, not merely hearing the Adhan, as the Mu'adhdhin may delay calling the Adhan beyond the beginning of the prayer time. Conclusion: If a Muslim wakes up after having missed Maghrib prayer due to sleep, he should perform Maghrib immediately, then perform the two rak'ahs of its regular Sunnah prayer, even if the time of Isha has begun, according to the stronger opinion regarding making up regular Sunnah prayers missed due to a valid excuse. If he catches Maghrib within its prescribed time, even if only a little time remains, he should perform the obligatory prayer followed by the regular Sunnah prayer. If the time ends before he performs the regular Sunnah prayer, it is permissible for him to make it up according to the aforementioned opinion. Therefore, he is not required to leave the Sunnah prayer of Maghrib merely out of fear that its time will end, as long as he has performed the obligatory prayer and there is no other obligatory prayer whose time he fears will expire because he is occupied with the Sunnah prayer.
And Allah knows best.
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